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"Wavescan" is a weekly program for long distance radio hobbyists produced by Dr. Adrian M. Peterson, Coordinator of International Relations for Adventist World Radio. AWR carries the program over many of its stations (including shortwave). Adrian Peterson is a highly regarded DXer and radio historian, and often includes features on radio history in his program. We are reproducing those features below, with Dr. Peterson's permission and assistance.
Wavescan N613, November 22, 2020
The Radio Scene on Four Little Greek Islands - Part 1
Lesbos-Mytilini Island: Radio Mytilini Shortwave & ERT FM
For the international traveler, the country of Greece, in southeastern Europe, holds two major areas of interest: Their ancient history, and their sun-drenched Mediterranean style holiday resorts. For those who like to listen to our radio stories each week here in Wavescan, and then read about them afterwards in radio magazines and on internet radio sites, we add a third dimension, their radio history.
Thus in our program today we present the story of four Little Greek Islands - Part 1, together with their history, their tourist appeal, and their radio backgrounds. We begin with the irregularly shaped island of Lesbos, the third largest of the many Greek islands. Lesbos is located on the eastern side of Greece, in the Aegean Sea, a bay-like inlet from the Mediterranean.
In recent time, the Greek island of Lesbos has featured in international news as presented on TV throughout the world. During the Middle Eastern refugee crisis beginning nearly five year ago, some 2-1/2 million people have traversed from the Arab countries, through Turkey, and onward into continental Europe. Multitudes of these refugees in their onward flight towards supposed prosperity have passed from Turkey, over the island of Lesbos and into Greece.
The island of Lesbos is 30 miles long and 25 miles wide, and it lies just four miles off the coast of Turkey, though it is one hundred miles distant from mainland Greece. The local population numbers around 86,000 residents, though the island population is almost doubled during the annual tourist seasons.
The capital city on Lesbos is Mytilini, which is mentioned in the Christian Bible, in the New Testament book of Acts 20:14. In AD 56, St. Paul and St. Luke, together with their traveling companions, stopped briefly on the island during the return trip to Jerusalem that St. Paul made towards the end of his third missionary journey.
Incoming tourists from Europe and elsewhere are attracted to Lesbos by its quaint villages, popular beaches, hot springs, 11 million Olive Trees, petrified forest, and archaeological ruins. This island has been dominated throughout its history by many ancient civilizations, including Greece, Persia, Macedonia, Rome and Turkey, though today it is an islandic region of mainland Greece. Early Christianity came to Lesbos, and thus far 57 basilicas, Christian churches, have been unearthed in their archaeological diggings.
The island of Lesbos hit the international news on September 9 (2020), when a fire broke out at the overcrowded temporary Camp Moria, forcing 13,000 refugees to flee. A total of ten fire engines endeavored unsuccessfully to quell the blaze at this, the largest refugee camp in Europe. The hastily erected subsequent Refugee Camp at Kara Tepe houses 8,000 people, where living conditions are described as worse than previously at the now burned-out Camp Moria.
The first radio broadcasting station on the island of Lesbos was erected near their capital city, Mytilini, which back in historic times had been an island separate from Lesbos. In 1952, a new low power shortwave station on Mytilini was heard in England on 6240 kHz. The WRTVHB for the following year (1953) indicated that the power level of this new shortwave station was just 100 watts.
For the next several years, Radio Mytilini was listed annually in the WRTVHB, and the last known monitoring reference to this station is found in the Australian Radio & Hobbies magazine for October 1966, fourteen years later. Radio Mytilini was always listed as a private station, which means that it was probably not fully licensed, though it was tolerated by the government authorities, like so many other private radio broadcasting stations in Greece back then.
A government operated ERT FM station was installed at Mytilini less that ten years later, around the mid-1970s. These days, all four of the ERT program channels are heard on FM throughout the island of Lesbos, as well as 30 other licensed and unlicensed FM stations.
Corfu Island
The island called Corfu is located on the other side, that is, the western side, of mainland Greece. It is an island of rugged mountains and sweeping plains, together with a resort-studded shoreline. The melody, White Rose of Athens, was sung earlier as the White Rose of Corfu.
The island itself is formed in the shape of a sickle, and it is 40 miles long, it is only 5 and 10 miles wide, and it is home to a total of two million Olive Trees. The island's cultural heritage spans three thousand years and more, and it came under the influence of nearby Italy, and settlements of Romani Gypsies, and the colonial governments of France, Russia, England, Germany and Greece. In addition, Corfu was the vacation playground for royalty from Germany, Austria, Denmark and Greece. In fact, His Royal Highness Prince Philip (Mountbatten), Duke of Edinburgh, the Consort of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, was born on this island, Corfu, almost one hundred years ago.
Corfu is listed as one of the most heavily fortified cities in ancient Europe, with its medieval fortresses and castles. The population on Corfu island is credited with resisting the encroachment of the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East, and thus their expansion into Europe came to an end.
The local historians on Corfu Island will tell you that two Christian missionaries, whose names are mentioned in the New Testament Scriptures, visited Corfu Island, with the ultimate result that the entire population of the island converted to Christianity. These two Christian missionaries, both of whom were associated with St. Paul, were known as Jason and Sosipater (Acts 17:5 - 9 & Romans 16:21).
Available evidence would suggest that the first wireless station installed on Corfu Island was not a Greek station, but rather a French navy station with the callsign FGC. Initially the Greek government was reluctant to permit wireless and radio anywhere in its territories, though finally the government was stirred into action, and they laid plans in the mid-1920s for a nationwide network of wireless stations throughout their mainland and islandic territories.
The callsign list began with the three-letter callsign SXA which identified Athens, and continued through the alphabet, with SXB, SXC, SXD, etc. The callsign for the Corfu station was SXK, and this station operated on 900 m. (333 kHz). Station SXK is considered to be the first Greek wireless communication station in Greece.
Five years after the end of World War II (1950), the Greek government announced plans for the installation of a mediumwave station on Corfu, though progress was more than slow. In March 1957, the government radio broadcasting organization ETA inaugurated a 50 kW mediumwave station on 1007 kHz on Corfu as a relay from the parent station in the national capital, Athens. That station is still on the air to this day with 50 kW, though the operating frequency has been adjusted to 1008 kHz. FM programming is also available.
At the end of our program today, we will hear Nana Mouskouri, singing the same melody you heard at the beginning of our program, though with the earlier set of words, White Roses of Corfu.
The radio story on two more Greek islands in two weeks time.
Dramatic Information from All India Radio - Part 1
As we indicated at the end of our program last week, we bring you today the news about a series of recent dramatic radio events that have occurred in India. This information is provided to us by Jose Jacob, VU2JOS, who is the Assistant Director at the National Institute of Amateur Radio in Hyderabad, India.
In Part 1 of our presentation today, we tell you the story of a slew of closures of regional shortwave stations in India. The information about each of these radio events is presented in chronological order of when closure is indicated, not in chronological order of when each radio service began.
The very popular radio program with the Indian title Vividh Bharati was introduced in 1957 to counter the very popular shortwave programming from the Commercial Service of Radio Ceylon. For many years, this AIR program service was also heard on shortwave in the very unusual procedure of synchronizing four shortwave transmitters on the same channel, 10330 kHz. These AIR shortwave transmitters were located at Delhi, Guwahati, Mumbai, and Chennai.
The final broadcast on shortwave of Vividh Bharati was on September 4 (2020) from a 250 kW transmitter at Aligarh on 9380 kHz.
It was on July 16, 1958 that a new shortwave service was introduced in the city of Hyderabad with the inauguration of a 10 kW AWA transmitter from Australia, under the Colombo Plan. This new station was installed at suburban L. B. Nagar. Their 50 kW transmitter was installed 35 years later in 1993. This station was at times noted on the air with extended programming on 4800 kHz or 7420 kHz due to cyclonic storms on the east coast. This shortwave service was closed on October 16 (2020).
One of the very oldest shortwave services in India was station VUM in Madras in Tamilnadu state. With studios in Mylapore (quite close to where the local historians will tell you that the Bible character, the doubting disciple Thomas, was murdered and buried), and the transmitter was installed at nearby Avadi. Their subsequent 50 kW transmitter, which was on the air in daylight on 7380 kHz and in darkness on 4920 kHz, was finally closed at the end of a magnificent 82 years of on-air service, on October 17 (2020).
A shortwave service at Bhopal was inaugurated in 1957 with 250 watts on 4940 kHz (night) and 7150 kHz (day), and back at that stage there was no mediumwave station in Bhopal, only shortwave. During the night of December 2, 1984, there was a massive explosion at the Union Carbide battery factory in Bhopal, resulting in the death of some 16,000 people, with an additional half a million injured. This was the world's deadliest industrial disaster, though AIR Bhopal was apparently not affected by this phenomenal accident.
There was a power increase at shortwave Bhopal up to 10 kW, and subsequently to 50 kW. This shortwave station was also closed on October 17 (2020), along with four other regional shortwave stations in India.
Beginning in the 1960s, there were three unsuccessful attempts at establishing a shortwave station in Trivandrum, though finally a 50 kW unit was installed at Muttathura on the coast in 1992. This station was also closed, according to the newspaper report, on October 17 (2020).
During the year 1992, a 50 kW shortwave transmitter was installed in the city of Jaipur in the Indian state of Rajasthan. This station operated on 4910 kHz (night) and 7325 kHz (day). Jose Jacob states that he heard the end of their final shortwave broadcast at 11:21 pm local time (1751 UTC) on 4910 kHz, on Friday, October 23 (2020).
That's as far as we can go this time, and you will hear additional information regarding major changes in the Indian radio scene next week here in Wavescan.